Laser cutting: principle, technology, and application overview

发布时间：2024-03-31

Laser cutting is a processing method that uses high-power density laser as the heat source, and through computer-aided design and manufacturing technology, according to the designed cutting trajectory, the processed workpiece is melted, evaporated, or decomposed on the surface under the irradiation of the laser beam to form a cut. Laser cutting is widely used in manufacturing fields such as automobiles, household appliances, and electronic products.


1、 Principle

Laser cutting is achieved by irradiating the cutting area with a high-energy density laser beam, causing the surface of the material to evaporate or melt, while forming small slits on the surface of the material to achieve the cutting purpose. Under the action of laser, strong physical and chemical changes occur on the surface of the material, causing the processed material to melt, evaporate, or decompose, resulting in the formation of notches.

Laser cutting belongs to non-contact machining and is a non-contact machining method that does not require tools or molds. There are two types of laser cutting machines: pulse type and continuous type. Pulse type has high output power and fast speed. Continuous laser cutting machines can produce continuously.

2、 Characteristics

Laser cutting equipment is generally divided into three categories: laser cutting machines, laser marking machines, and laser engraving machines.

1. Laser cutting machine is a processing method that uses a high-power density laser beam to irradiate a workpiece, causing the surface of the irradiated workpiece to quickly melt or vaporize, and vaporize at a very high speed, thereby forming a cut.

2. Laser marking machine is a method of using a laser beam to locally irradiate materials, causing melting or evaporation on the surface of the material, and thus marking the material surface for a long time.


3、 Classification

Laser cutting can be divided into two types according to its cutting methods: non-contact and contact.

Non contact laser cutting machines mainly use laser beams to cut workpieces, rather than producing high-temperature molten materials like plasma arcs. It is mainly used in the field of sheet metal cutting, such as cutting sheets, pipes, and profiles; The contact laser cutting machine mainly uses a laser beam to heat the workpiece, causing it to melt locally, and then blows it away through a nozzle to form a cut.

4、 Application field

Laser cutting is mainly used for metal sheets, including stainless steel, carbon steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, and titanium alloys. Among the above-mentioned metal materials, stainless steel and carbon steel are currently widely used, among which the processing technology of stainless steel is a key aspect in the entire laser cutting industry.

With the advancement of technology and the increase of market demand, laser cutting technology is developing towards smaller, thinner, and more precise directions. Currently, laser cutting has been widely used in fields such as automotive manufacturing, home appliance manufacturing, and electronic component manufacturing, becoming one of the important means for domestic and foreign manufacturing industries to transform and upgrade.


The Da Zu laser coil static cutting system has functions such as one key automatic uncoiling, automatic leveling, automatic feeding, laser cutting, and automatic cutting. At the same time, it adopts intermittent static cutting technology, which cuts point by point and section by section, making the operation more convenient. The system has a high degree of automation and can greatly improve production efficiency and product quality. At the same time, the system also adopts advanced CNC technology, which is easy to operate and highly reliable. In industrial production, this system is widely used and can be applied to various metal materials with different thicknesses and strengths, saving production enterprises a lot of manpower and material costs, improving competitiveness and market share.


5、 Development trends

1. Due to the rapid development of laser processing technology and the continuous improvement of laser cutting technology, cutting quality is no longer a single goal of laser cutting. Improving production efficiency, reducing processing costs, and further improving and enhancing laser cutting technology will become an important direction for its development.

2. With the continuous progress of modern manufacturing technology, the functions of laser cutting machines are also constantly improving, and the supporting equipment is also constantly upgrading. People are paying more and more attention to laser cutting processing.

3. With the continuous improvement of industrial production requirements, higher requirements have been put forward for the automation and intelligence level of laser cutting machines. Automatic control and intelligent technology will become a new direction for the development of laser cutting machines.

4. With the increasing emphasis on green manufacturing and green technology, laser cutting machines are developing towards green and energy-saving directions.


Laser cutting technology is really useful. Its application scope is still expanding, and the future development trend is moving towards high efficiency, precision, and adaptability to different materials. It is almost beyond traditional mechanical cutting! In addition, with the continuous emergence of new materials and processes, the application prospects of laser cutting technology are also infinite! Therefore, we need to constantly explore and innovate to improve the accuracy and efficiency of laser cutting technology to a new height! Let's wait and see!